In This Article
Masteron is a legendary cutting and hardening steroid that can deliver dramatic results. Despite this, some people might still call Masteron “weak.” That’s because this is not an AAS you’re going to use to pack on mass. But for those who understand that using steroids is not all about gaining muscle all of the time, Masteron offers some significant rewards!
The big question is this: is Masteron a steroid YOU will benefit from? Or are there better options? You’ll learn everything you need to know about using Drostanolone. Let’s get started!
What is Masteron?
Masteron is an injectable steroid based on dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
It’s one of the most highly regarded AAS used for cutting and getting shredded. The aesthetic effects you can achieve with Masteron are dramatic and spectacular, making this a favorite steroid in the bodybuilding and physique competition world.
History and Overview
Masteron has been around since the late 1950s, developed as Drostanolone Propionate and utilized mainly as a breast cancer treatment in females. The anti-estrogen effects of Masteron made it suitable for this purpose due to estrogen contributing to the growth of these kinds of cancerous tumors.
Once more suitable breast cancer drugs were developed, the use of Masteron declined and ceased by the late 1980s. Even though this steroid still has FDA approval, it has no current medical use or manufacturing in the US or other Western countries.
With bodybuilders in the 1970s becoming aware of Masteron’s capabilities as a PED, its use took off. It remains a moderately popular steroid (although far from the most widely used).
Mechanism of Action
Masteron does not have what we’d call powerful anabolic effects; hence, it will only promote minor muscle gains. But straight-up anabolic activity is not the be-all and end-all of the steroids. With Masteron, we get an AAS that promotes a hard, dry, and shredded physique in individuals with low body fat levels.
How does it do this?
Masteron, of course, retains much of its DHT parent mechanisms of action. Most noticeable is its lack of activity on the aromatase enzyme, meaning we get no estrogenic effects, which leads Masteron to be such a good hardening and drying agent.
These very properties are also what allow Masteron to act similarly to an aromatase inhibitor, although not as powerful as the real thing. Still, it may go some way in helping prevent gynecomastia when stacked with aromatizing steroids.
Through its interaction with the androgen receptor, Masteron plays a role in:
- Increasing protein synthesis (weakly compared to many other AAS)
- Decreasing catabolism by reducing the degradation of amino acids
Masteron has a very low androgenic rating of less than 40. But don’t let that fool you because its androgenic side effects are a virtual guarantee in susceptible individuals due to DHT being up to five times more androgenic than testosterone.
Masteron’s anabolic rating is estimated to be anywhere between 60 and 130. In the real world, Masteron is never going to be an effective bulking compound by any measure.
Effects of Masteron (Benefits)
Masteron is a great AAS for cutting and getting shredded. But wait, let me tell you something: If you know you’re carrying too many extra pounds, then using Masteron is not going to serve you any purpose.
Masteron is not by any means a “fat loss” steroid. You’ll want to be as lean as possible before running Masteron in a cycle to get the most out of it! For men, this is around the 10% body fat mark. Only then you will be able to see what this steroid can really do for your physique.
Here are the most important benefits you’ll experience with Masteron:
Muscle Hardness and Vascularity
With its anti-estrogenic properties, Masteron will not cause water retention and can reduce the water weight caused by other AAS you might be using. For most users and me, this is the number one benefit of Masteron: exceptional muscle hardness, great vascularity, excellent pumps, and a dried shredded aesthetic fit for competitive purposes (or your next beach vacation).
Fat Loss
Masteron won’t directly burn fat but can go some way to helping you shed those final pieces of stubborn fat when you’re at a very low body fat percentage.
Muscle Gains and Preservation
Masteron helps prevent catabolism, so on a calorie deficit, you maintain existing lean muscle. While some lean gains are certainly possible if you’re eating at or above maintenance calories, they will be moderate (but high quality) – potentially around 5 lbs if no other anabolic agents are used.
Strength
We would typically stack Masteron with something like Trenbolone or testosterone to gain substantial strength. Still, many users notice that strength is maintained on Masteron when eating a calorie deficit – a time when strength loss can destroy your results.
Libido and Mood
Masteron is notorious for increasing your libido, sometimes to a point where it’s unwelcome. However, the majority of men will find the sex drive increase to be a positive, coupled with Masteron’s mood enhancement effects resulting in increased mental energy, confidence, motivation, and an overall feel-good factor.
Estradiol Control
Masteron acts as an aromatase inhibitor, which can (when your doses are balanced out well) reduce estrogen levels while you’re running aromatizing steroids like testosterone, Dianabol, and others. This can remove the need for an external AI drug.
Masteron Propionate vs. Masteron Enanthate
Drostanolone propionate is the ester we know as Masteron. This is the only ester that was developed for prescription use. The propionate ester is a short ester that most of us would be familiar with through its use on the testosterone hormone.
Less known is the existence of an Enanthate ester of Masteron (which should be technically called Drostanolone Enanthate). This is a longer and slower-acting ester, again the same ester attached to the testosterone hormone to give us one of the most used forms of testosterone in Testosterone Enanthate.
Drostanolone propionate has a half-life of about two days, while Drostanolone enanthate has a half-life of about ten days. When it comes to Masteron, the enanthate ester has never been created as a pharmaceutical human-grade steroid, so its origins are not totally clear. Most likely, an underground lab or other black market manufacturer created and introduced the Enanthate ester of Masteron into the underground market over 20 years ago.
Masteron Propionate is still by far the most widely used. Still, the Enanthate version has recently become more widespread for users wanting a slower-release form of Masteron (and less frequent injections).
Typically, we use Masteron Propionate for reasonably short cycles. Still, the Enanthate ester requires much longer cycles to allow it time to kick into full effect (usually 12 weeks or more).
Masteron Dosing and Administration
You can get excellent effects from Masteron at mid-range doses, and it can be a delicate balance between minimizing (but not likely stopping) hair loss and getting the benefits you want.
We should look at dosing Masteron a little differently than bulking steroids, where you take higher doses to increase mass gains (to a certain point). Most Masteron users will find that mid-range doses are sufficient to deliver everything this steroid can.
Doses
Masteron was only ever used clinically as a treatment for advanced breast cancer in women. The dosages given to these female patients were very high (up to 300mg per week), inevitably resulting in virilization signs in a lot of patients. The dosage would rarely reach such a high level for the small number of females who use Masteron for performance (see below).
Let’s look at an essential guide for male doses of Masteron:
Beginner
200mg per week can provide all the effects you need for a pre-contest cycle, typically used in the final weeks of a longer cutting or lean bulk cycle. Beginners or those running Masteron alongside TRT can benefit from as little as 100mg/week.
Intermediate
300-400mg/week is an effective and manageable dose for most men (unless acne is a big problem for you). Even some advanced users will never go beyond 400mg simply because there’s little need to if you’re looking for hardness, vascularity, and positive mental benefits without getting into the territory of more severe side effects.
Advanced
600mg per week is a very high and advanced dose with a significant hair warning: you may lose all your head hair at this dose if you’re so genetically inclined. Cholesterol risks will also heighten.
Men will also need to watch testosterone doses to ensure estrogen doesn’t crash to produce serious side effects. At 600mg, Masteron can provide noticeable strength, some lean muscle gains, and excellent pumps, but there’s undoubtedly better AAS to use for these effects.
Female
Women can get very noticeable effects from Masteron at low doses. Still, the risk of side effects is considered high with Masteron – not only virilization due to Masteron’s anti-estrogenic properties (despite its primary medical use being for females).
So, most women won’t choose this AAS over others, primarily as Anavar can provide similar benefits with a considerably lower risk factor. But for those females wanting to use this AAS, up to 50mg per week can deliver acceptable results for women, and some will find using it for very short cycles of 4 weeks allows them to avoid much side effect risk.
Dosing Schedule, Half-life, and Cycle Length
Masteron Propionate has a half-life of about two days, so you can inject it once every two days. Some users will go for a once-daily injection, but every other day will maintain your levels.
Masteron starts working fast, and you don’t always need to be running long cycles of this steroid. Some will run Masteron for just four weeks, but personally, I found that’s just at the time when you start seeing its maximum effects, so I like to go a little longer to 6 or 8 weeks.
I would not run Masteron for longer than 12 weeks, and there’s basically rarely a need to do so. This is mainly an AAS we include near the end of a cycle that includes other AAS like Testosterone and Trenbolone. In these cases, a 4-6 week Masteron cycle can work well and will be easily long enough to deliver the most desirable effects for pre-contest users.
Likely Results
Pre-contest and cutting cycles are where you’ll see the best results from Masteron and really be able to experience what it does best.
What about fat loss? Masteron is by no means a fat burner, and if you need to lose a good amount of body fat, you’ll want to do that with other compounds (and a quality diet and training plan) before taking advantage of Masteron.
Masteron can APPEAR to promote some fat loss because of its excellence in hardening and drying your physique and boosting vascularity – you will naturally appear leaner. But make no mistake: you’ll want to be as lean as possible before running Masteron to achieve that most desired shredded and ripped look that makes this steroid a valued one for contest preparation.
Masteron is not going to give you a notable size, but that’s not why we use it. But run it alongside Trenbolone or testosterone, or place it at the end of a cycle for finishing up, and Masteron gives you a look we all crave – veiny, ripped, and chiseled but without the roundness and fullness you get with something like Primobolan.
Masteron Cycles
Most of us are going to use Masteron for two primary purposes: either throughout a cutting cycle or as a finishing-off AAS to lose water weight and achieve maximum muscle hardness and vascularity.
Masteron Cycle for Men
Men who understand what Masteron does (and does not) will rarely be disappointed with the results. Often mentioned is the way Masteron lowers estradiol, removing the need to use an AI.
“Makes me feel great” is something I hear a lot. “Confident, assertive, happy” is what Masteron can do to our mental outlook. So many of us will find it one of the most significant benefits of this steroid, even beyond its physical effects.
On the downside…
Hair loss can be extreme for predisposed men. This is the trade-off when using Masteron (for some men, at least). Many men declare their disappointment that Masteron is such an incredible steroid in every other way besides its ability to remove your hair literally.
The other issue encountered by unlucky individuals is acne. More than a few guys state that Masteron has caused the worst acne they’ve experienced with any steroid. Whether you will suffer from the same level of acne (I’m talking on the face, back, chest, and more) is purely an individual response.
Reducing water retention during or after using other AAS is a powerful way of using Masteron. This is what a lot of us do:
After a blast of a cycle of testosterone or other aromatizing steroids that cause bloat, introducing Masteron towards the end of that cycle will remove so much of that water weight. You don’t need to prepare for a contest; this is just the perfect way to get lean and shredded after gaining some mass. You then get considerably leaner and more vascular with more strength while keeping most of your muscle gains on the blast bulking cycle.
The lovely physical effects men get with Masteron are popping veins and a leaner face with more jawline definition. All in all, hardness, dryness, and even some mild graininess (not at Winstrol levels) are results men get with Masteron.
Masteron Cycle for Women
I hear both guys and girls say Masteron is a terrible AAS choice for women. And they’re right to an extent. There is definitely a list of other AAS that females are better off using before considering Masteron. Anavar, Equipoise, Primobolan, and even testosterone or Dianabol are generally more tolerable for female users than Masteron.
Masteron’s anti-estrogenic activity can cause severe issues for women, but those who choose to use it need a relatively low body fat percentage to get the most from this steroid, just like guys do.
Women can see some additional muscle gains simply by way of being more sensitive to anabolic effects. Females can expect very similar aesthetic effects as men: a drying out and hardening of the muscles, increased vascularity, and the ability to lose some of those last stubborn pounds of body fat.
The downsides women experience with Masteron relate to low estrogen, which causes severe symptoms. Any virilization that females on a Masteron cycle are seeing usually starts with a hoarse or deeper voice; stopping the cycle at that point can reverse this effect, but continual use does see some females saying that their voice change is permanent.
Masteron vs. Other PEDs
There are a bunch of other DHT-derived cutting steroids we should compare Masteron to. They all have pros and cons, and deciding which “DHT cutting steroid” to use is a common dilemma. Here are some comparisons for you to consider:
Masteron vs. Primobolan
A big problem with Primobolan (even more so than Masteron) is how often it’s faked. Certainly not as much as it once was, but it’s still a problem from low-quality underground labs. In fact, fake Primo is known to contain Masteron often instead!
So, which is better, if you can get the real Primo or Masteron? Both will mess with your hair pretty severely. So, hair loss is not likely to be a deciding factor. Primo is a more versatile steroid that will give you a rounder and fuller look, while I see Masteron as more of a contest prep one (not that you HAVE to use it like that, but that’s where it does its best work).
Individual responses will always sway decisions one way or the other. I’ve heard guys say Masteron is better for them for:
- Strength
- Libido
- Motivation
Other guys experience the complete opposite and find that Primo boosts the above traits more powerfully than Masteron. Simply put, they’re both exceptional steroids, and you will want to get personal experience with each one separately before deciding on a favorite.
Finally – Primobolan costs more than Masteron. Primo is one of the most expensive cycles to run, and while plenty of us think Primo is better in most ways, Masteron will be the go-to if it comes down to cost for you.
Masteron vs. Winstrol
Winstrol (Winny) and Masteron are superb cutting and shredding steroids, but I find Winstrol is the harsher steroid to use, and I need a specific reason to use it.
Winstrol will work very quickly to dry you out – about four weeks can get you outstanding results. I like to use Masteron for a bit longer to get maximum effects: at least 6 to 8 weeks.
Winstrol will give you a grainy and veiny look like no other steroid. There’s a good reason it’s considered a god of contest prep – it provides aesthetics that even a great steroid like Masteron can’t match.
Winstrol is notorious for drying the joints and causing severe joint pain. Masteron can have a similar effect, but rarely will it be as debilitating as the joint discomfort of Winstrol.
While they’re both excellent, it’s a pretty easy choice between them, and it all comes down to your purpose and goals – Winstrol is a very temporary use steroid. Use it for a few weeks to achieve an extreme look by a specific date (generally for a contest).
Masteron is definitely also an AAS that is often described as being for specific use, but compared to Winstrol, I’d call it a little more versatile. Winstrol really is a unique steroid, but BOTH will give you outrageously good aesthetics that are fit for competitive purposes.
Stacking Masteron
Masteron is often utilized near the end of a cycle to reduce water retention, dry you out, enhance vascularity, and tighten and harden your physique. You can get that rock-hard and incredibly chiseled look you see on the contest stage.
I like to use Masteron as a finishing agent most of the time, although you can certainly run it for a little longer alongside TRT or on a lean bulk, as you’ll see in some of my stack suggestions below:
Masteron + Testosterone (Lean bulking Stack)
This simple but powerful lean bulking cycle will have Masteron reducing any water retention while testosterone will prevent a crash of your estradiol levels. For best results, your diet should be a little above maintenance calories.
Benefits
- Lean muscle gains
- Reduced fluid retention
- Improved mood and libido
- Muscle hardness and vascularity
- Fat loss
- Increased strength
- Faster recovery
Dosing
- Masteron: 400mg/week
- Testosterone: 600mg/week
- Cycle length: 12 weeks
Possible side effects
- Testosterone suppression
- Acne
- Hair loss
- High cholesterol
- Increased body hair
- Dry joints
Results
Masteron will provide a nice psychological boost to this cycle, drying you out and adding vascularity. Strength gains will be moderate but noticeable. Muscle gains will also be moderate; expect 10 lbs at the most, but this should be fully maintainable.
PCT
Enclomiphene 25mg for the first five weeks, then 12.5mg for the final week
Masteron + Testosterone + Anavar (Cutting Stack)
By adding Anavar, you’re going to really boost those hardening and drying effects. Increased fat loss is also possible, with some lean gains. Your results will be shaped by your diet and how far above-maintenance calories you intend to go. Testosterone is utilized purely as a TRT in this cycle.
Benefits
- Strength gains
- Muscle preservation and some lean gains
- Fat loss
- Improved mood and sex drive
- No water retention
- Dry, hard, vascular, shredded physique
Dosing
- Masteron: 400mg/week
- Testosterone Propionate: 200mg/week
- Anavar: 50mg/day (Weeks 1-8 only)
- Cycle length: 10 weeks
Possible side effects
- Testosterone suppression
- Hair loss and acne
- Dry joints
- High cholesterol
- Liver and kidney stress
Results
This stack will have zero water retention, and Anavar will boost your fat loss capabilities. Strength and muscle preservation will be excellent, even on a calorie deficit. Lean, hard, and vascular with an incredible boost to motivation, energy, and confidence courtesy of Masteron.
PCT
Enclomiphene 25mg for five weeks, 12.5mg for one week
Masteron + Trenbolone + Testosterone (Lean Bulking Stack)
Any cycle that includes Trenbolone will be considered for advanced users only, and it’s strongly recommended you have prior experience with Tren before trying this stack. This short cycle will deliver potent results (and side effects).
Benefits
- Muscle gains
- Huge strength
- Fat loss
- Fast recovery
- Great vascularity, dryness, and hardness
- More confidence and motivation
- Increased libido
Dosing
- Masteron: 400mg/week
- Trenbolone: 300mg/week
- Testosterone: 200mg/week
- Cycle length: 10 weeks
Possible side effects
- Testosterone shutdown
- High cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Liver toxicity
- Distractingly high libido
- Hair loss
- Acne
- Tren cough
- Paranoia
- Insomnia and night sweats
Results
With Trenbolone’s dry lean gains, this stack takes lean bulking to a whole new level and will promote fat loss at the same time. Muscle hardness and vascularity will be as good as it gets. Strength gains will be well beyond what you get with Masteron alone. Significantly, Masteron can help offset and even eliminate some of Trenbolone’s notoriously adverse and harmful mental side effects and make it a more tolerable steroid to use.
PCT
Trenbolone can suppress your testosterone for many months or even years. Therefore, regular PCT is often not effective at restoring Test levels. Ongoing TRT or testosterone cruising is recommended after using Trenbolone.
Masteron PCT
Masteron will suppress your testosterone production and can also crash your estradiol (estrogen) levels due to its lack of aromatization – essentially acting as an aromatase inhibitor.
Men require low levels of estrogen for normal functioning, so if you allow Masteron to crash your estradiol (this is why we need a testosterone base), the symptoms can be similar to those of low testosterone:
- Low energy
- Fatigue/lethargy
- Depression
- Low sex drive
- Sexual dysfunction
After using Masteron, men will need to run PCT to restore natural testosterone function.
But here’s the thing:
The other AAS in your cycle will often determine when and what PCT you run. The timing of PCT, where Masteron is the primary AAS, will mean starting post-cycle therapy two days after your last injection.
However:
In most cases, we’ll be using at least a form of testosterone, and when a long ester like Enanthate is being used, you’ll wait almost two weeks before starting PCT. My preferred PCT SERM nowadays is Enclomiphene at 25mg for five weeks, halved to 12.5mg for the final week.
Masteron Side Effects
Masteron isn’t the mildest or the most extreme steroid you’ll ever use. I do see a ton of variation in people’s experiences with it, though. Some tolerate it very well with minimal sides, while others suffer to the point of stopping usage.
I believe a lot of the issues (besides loss of head hair and acne) stem from not monitoring and keeping control of estradiol levels – resulting in depression and other problems.
Hair Loss
It’s a harmless but dreaded side effect, and it’s actually one of the first things men will think about before using Masteron. As a DHT-derived steroid, you can expect hair loss to be an issue with Masteron, and it can be a pretty severe rate of hair loss. Some guys will lose all their hair.
Genetics will be the main factor in how bad your hair shedding is, so if you’re lucky enough to keep a full head of hair, you’re in the minority. Even guys who aren’t usually prone to male pattern baldness with other AAS can see some hairline receding and hair shedding.
Using RU-58841 is an option that can help; it’s a non-steroidal anti-androgen that can help minimize the reduction in the size of your hair follicles (which is what leads to shedding, thinning, and eventual baldness).
Acne
Just like hair loss, acne development on Masteron is individually dependent. Many guys do suffer from terrible acne. This can be on the back, shoulders, chest, scalp, face, stomach, arms – virtually anywhere in the most extreme cases.
Cystic acne (pus-filled inflammatory acne) resulting in scars is not unheard of among Masteron users, who are predisposed to this type of reaction from DHT steroids. A visit to a dermatologist and taking prescription medications to control acne is something more than a few Masteron users resort to.
Estrogenic
Masteron acts as an anti-estrogen and can reduce estrogen levels. This means related side effects like fluid retention and gyno can not occur with Masteron. In fact, we can use Masteron to reduce the incidence of gyno and water retention if they develop due to using other aromatizing steroids.
Cholesterol
Masteron can reduce your HDL cholesterol and raise LDL cholesterol levels. Sensitive individuals can see profound cholesterol changes even at 100mg weekly doses, so monitoring your lipids through bloodwork and eating a cholesterol-friendly diet is vital.
Very High Sex Drive
Although considered a benefit by plenty of men, the increased libido that Masteron causes can become a distraction or hindrance in everyday life, to the point that some men on Masteron will complain about how high their sex drive is!
Prostate Enlargement
Masteron will cause prostate enlargement in some men. This can cause discomfort, difficulty urinating, and incontinence. In most cases, the prostate returns to normal size when stopping Masteron, but this is an issue where following up with a doctor if you have ANY concerns is essential.
Where to Buy Masteron?
Masteron is no longer used for medical applications in any country, and it’s not known to be manufactured pharmaceutically anywhere in the world. Pharmaceutical-grade Masteron is virtually non-existent, so we must turn to underground labs to buy this steroid.
As always, scope out your suppliers and sources carefully (I always advise that word of mouth is one the most powerful ways to find a reliable supplier) because it really will make all the difference to your experience and results when you get the best quality Masteron.
Availability of Masteron
With Masteron long ago being discontinued for medical use and ceasing to be manufactured pharmaceutically, it’s a choice of black market and underground lab suppliers to buy this steroid. While not the most popular AAS around, it still has a large following, and most UGLs will stock it.
Faked Masteron can be a problem, and most often, this will involve substituting it with something like the much cheaper Testosterone propionate (same ester, but very different steroid with different results).
With that said, Masteron is far from the most faked steroid around, mainly if you’re used to buying or using something like Primobolan, which is (in comparison) one of the most faked AAS we can buy.
Is Masteron Legal?
Masteron falls into the same category as all other anabolic steroids, which means it’s completely prohibited to use Masteron in sports or most other competitions. Masteron is a banned substance by WADA and all other anti-doping authorities worldwide.
Although Masteron has a short half-life of just a couple of days, it can potentially be detected in drug tests for several weeks after your last dosage. So, if you suspect you’ll get tested, you’ll need a lot more than a few days for Masteron to clear your system.
Using Masteron, even for personal usage in the United States, is prohibited. This includes buying and selling Masteron, traveling to countries where AAS are often easier to buy (such as Mexico or Thailand), and traveling back to the US with your steroids; doing so can land you serious legal trouble.
Typical Pricing
Masteron is not the cheapest steroid, but as far as our popular cutting steroids go, it’s in the mid-range. It will be cheaper than Anavar, and mostly, you’ll find it’s cheaper than Primobolan (which is often faked as Masteron) but much more expensive than the more common steroids like testosterone. Since we can often use Masteron for short cycles, it won’t necessarily add considerable cost to a longer cycle, and its price has come down in recent years.
You’ll almost certainly be looking at the black market or underground lab purchasing of this steroid because pharma grade is not known to exist anymore. This means one thing: prices can vary substantially between suppliers. And so can the quality.
100mg/ml in 10 ml vials is the most common form you’ll come across for sale. Expect to pay anywhere from $160 to over $200 for good quality UGL Masteron. You can find some suppliers selling the above for under $100 at the cheaper end. While I always say that price is not an indication of quality, you do run the risk of getting bunk Masteron if you go for the absolute cheapest sources.
Final Thoughts
There are plenty of AAS that polarize people. How can some people love a steroid and claim it as a favorite while others swear they’ll never touch it again? Masteron is one of those AAS that draws opinions across the spectrum of good, bad, and between.
I can totally understand any guy who dreads hair loss and wants to steer clear of Masteron. This AAS is a near certainty for severe hairline reduction and baldness if you’ve lost the DNA lottery. But there’s no doubt that if you’re a guy at or under 10% body fat, Masteron WILL keep you lean and shredded with veins that draw attention and a feel-good factor that we don’t get with many other AAS.
Masteron is a steroid I use sparingly, but I love how it makes me feel and look (I’m fortunate not to suffer from severe male pattern baldness). Masteron’s mental benefits are underrated and not discussed often, but I find it one of the best things about this steroid.
We’re lucky to have a great selection of DHT-based cutting steroids, so whether Masteron is the one for you is a matter of personal opinion, but I absolutely love it!
Related:
- Proviron (Mesterolone) Steroid 101: The Bodybuilder’s Guide
- Turinabol (Tbol) Steroid 101: The Bodybuilder’s Guide
- Superdrol (Methasterone) Steroid 101: The Bodybuilder’s Guide
— Furious Joe